INSTRUCTIONS: Please, answer all questions by filling appropriate bubbles on the scantron sheets (A=true; B=false). Use pencils and the scantrons distributed in class. Exactly one answer to each question is best and thus correct. (If you give a nonstandard answer, please explain.)

1. According to the Principle of Universal (Event) Causation, every event, is caused by some event or the combination of events. This principle implies that
A) all human actions are caused
B) most human actions are caused but some are not caused
C) some human actions are freely done
D) none of the above

 2. According to the Free Will Principle
A) We always act freely
B) We never act freely.
C) We sometimes act freely.
D) It cannot be the case that all our acts are caused by events yet some acts are free.

3. According to the Claim About Responsibility
A) Every event, including every action, is caused by some events.
B) It cannot be the case that all our acts are caused by events yet some acts are free.
C) People are responsible for some actions
D) People are responsible for all actions they do

4. Incompatibilists argue that
A) Every event, including every action, is caused by some events.
B) It cannot be the case that all our acts are caused by events yet some acts are free.
C) People are responsible for some actions
D) People are responsible for all actions they do

5. Paul Ree admits that
A) sometimes we resist our passions
B) we do what we choose to do
C) we feel like we could have acted otherwise.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

6. Paul Ree argues that when we resist our passions, and do what we choose to do, and feel like we could have acted otherwise
A) our actions are truly free
B) we are responsible for what we do
C) A) and B)
D) our actions are always determined and thus are never free

7. Paul Ree claims also that sometimes we are truly morally responsible for our actions, that is we really are praiseworthy and blameworthy
A) TRUE B) FALSE

8. Paul Ree admits that
A) sometimes we do not know what causes our acts
B) A) and in those cases nothing causes our actions
C) A) yet something causes our actions
D) none of the above

9. According to A.J. Ayer, free acts are opposed to
A) causation or determination
B) compulsion and coercion
C) both A) and B)
D) none of the above.

10. Ayer argues that
A) we always act freely
B) we sometimes act freely
C) we never act freely

11. The main differences between Hard and Soft Determinism are these:
A) HD endorses the Principle of Universal Causation but SD rejects this principle
B) HD rejects a view that some acts are free while SD accepts this view.
C) HD rejects the claim that we are responsible for some acts while SD accepts this claim.
D) B) and C) above
E) All of the above.

12. The following views must assume that the universe is not fully deterministic in a sense that laws of the universe, as characterized by science, allow for chance (or random) events
A) Soft and hard determinism
B) Indeterminism
C) Libertarianism
D) B) and C)
E) all of the above

13 According to Indeterminism:
A) some human actions are not caused, but when the action is not caused we have no control over it, so this action is not free
B) some human actions are not caused and when an action is not caused it is truly free
C) neither of the above

14. Many serious philosophers writing on the issue of freedom of will and determinism are indeterminists
A) true; B) false

15. Ayer would agree that an ordinary thief steals freely, but a kleptomaniac does not steal freely.
A)TRUE B) FALSE

16. Some philosophers argue that "to act truly freely" means that "we could have done something else instead, we could have acted otherwise." Soft determinsts such as Ayer, Edwards, and Moore
A) reject this principle
B) accept this principle and claim that to say that "someone could have acted otherwise" means that, "if someone had make a different choice, she would have acted otherwise";
C) accept this principle and argue that, at any moment, we have a true control over what we do so we can choose to act otherwise
D) none of the above

17. Chisholm argues that
A) Ayer, Edwards, and Moore provide fully satisfactory account of "could have done otherwise" principle
B) they do not provide satisfactory account of "could have done otherwise" principle
C) neither A) nor B)

18. Libertarians accept the claim that, when we act freely, we could have done something else instead, we could have acted otherwise.
A) true; B) false

19. Libertarians assume that there is
A) just one kind of causation, namely the event causation;
B) there are two kinds of causation; namely, event causation and agent causation
C) neither of the above

20. Ayer's position is a version of
A) Hard Determinism
B) Indeterminism
C) Soft Determinism
D) Libertarianism

21. Chisholm' position is a version of
A) Hard Determinism
B) Indeterminism
C) Soft Determinism
D) Libertarianism

22. Ree's position is a version of
A) Hard Determinism
B) Indeterminism
C) Soft Determinism
D) Libertarianism

23. Stef argued in class that, the biggest problem for Libertarianism is
A) the idea of agent causation;
B) the idea of moral responsibility;
C) the idea that we truly can act otherwise;
D) none of the above

24. Stef said in class that a majority of philosophers these days are soft determinists
A) TRUE B) FALSE

25. Stef said in class that he himself leans towards
A) soft-determinism
B) libertarianism
C) hard determinism

Consider the following definition: "S did A freely" =def. "(1) A is an act of S; (2) no combination of events caused (was causally sufficient for) A; and (3) S agent-caused A."
Notice, this definition only explains or elucidates what kind of acts are free, it does not state that there are, in fact, any free acts.

26 Soft Determinists can accept this definition
A) true B) false

27. Libertarians can accept this definition
A) true B) false

28 Critics of Libertarianism argue that this definition is
A) correct;
B) totally obscure; in particular, we have no idea what the agent causation is:;
C) neither of the above

29 Suppose that our upbringing, in particular, moral education causes (and thus fully determines) our actions. Given this assumption
A) libertarian account of freedom is false;
B) libertarian account of freedom can be true

30. If Libertarianism is true, then there cannot be the science of a man, that is, some human actions are not fully predictable
A) true B) false

Return to Intro to Philosophy