Philosophy -- Exercise #1
Please, state your full name. Answer all questions using the scantron sheets distributed in class. (if you do not have such a scantron, answer all questions on this sheet). Save a copy for your file

1) Following a standard philosophical practice, Stefan uses the words ethics and morality interchangeably
A) TRUE; B) FALSE

2) Like judgments of science, moral judgments are very closely related to observations and experiments
A) true B) false

3) Moral judgments are
A) normative; B) purely descriptive; C) neither

4) To say that a judgment is normative implies that this judgments
A) describes facts, tells us how things are; B) prescribes something, tells us how thing ought to be (and what we ought to do)

5)  "People have abortions " is a normative judgment
A) TRUE; B) FALSE

6)  "Under certain circumstances it is wrong to have an abortions " is a normative judgment
A) TRUE; B) FALSE

7) According to the lectures, Feldman and Shaw, there are many different kinds of normative judgments and many different kinds of normative systems
A) TRUE; B) FALSE

8) According to the lectures and Shaw, law is one of many normative systems.
A) TRUE; B) FALSE

9) Shaw seems to maintain that all moral judgments
A) deal with issues related to human welfare
B) are especially important
C) if they are valid, they are supported by good reasons
D) all of the above

10) Stef agreed with Shaw (and the majority of philosophers) that all moral judgments
A) deal with issues related to human welfare
B) are especially important
C) if they are valid, they are supported by good reasons and so we can reason about morality
E) all of the above

11) The main focus of ethical inquiry (understood as moral philosophy) is
A) the evaluation of law
B) describing what people do and think in various societies
C) evaluating and prescribing how we ought to act, what kinds of people we ought to be, what kind of situations and outcomes are good and bad
D) none of the above

12. In ethics, such terms as "obligatory" and "forbidden;" "right" and "wrong" are primarily used to evaluate
A) actions; B) people; C) situations and outcomes

13. In ethics, such terms as "virtuous" and "wicked" are primarily used to evaluate
A) outcomes and situations; B) people and their character
C) both A) and B); D) neither A) nor B)

14. The following feature is not mentioned by Shaw as a characteristic of morality
A) moral standards must be supported by adequate reasons
B) moral standards concern behavior of serious consequence to human welfare
C) they are especially important (overriding)
D) they must be in accordance with the true religion

15. According to the concept of morality outlined by Stef in his lectures and outlines, the main kind(s) of external sanctions that come with morality is/are the following:
A) the feelings of guilt, shame, pride, etc.
B) disapproval and anger of others, ostracism
C) prison terms and fines
D) eternal sanction (going to hell or heaven)
E) none of the above.

16. Descriptive ethics is an empirical study of moral customs, convictions, and motivations; it's a domain of anthropology, sociology, psychology; etc.; Claims of descriptive ethics do not tell us what is right or wrong but merely what various people, societies, and cultures think about right and wrong. and other ethical issues. Thus, descriptive ethics is a part of moral philosophy
A) TRUE; B) FALSE

17. Metaethics is a philosophical study of the meaning, nature and methodology of moral judgments and terms, relations between moral concepts, the correct ways of arguing about moral issues, similarities and differences between various normative systems (e.g., morality, religion, law, etiquette, aesthetics, the requirements of prudence, the judgments of taste), etc. Thus, metaethics is part of moral philosophy
A) TRUE; B) FALSE

18. Normative ethics (theoretical and applied) tells us what we ought to do in various situations. Thus, it is part of moral philosophy
A) TRUE; B) FALSE

19.. In most societies
A) morality is the only normative system
B) law is the only normative system
C) there are many different normative systems that frequently partially overlap
D) none of the above

20. Religions usually tell us what behavior is "sinful" and what is "virtuous"; in this sense they include some norms (they are normative systems):
A) TRUE B) FALSE

21. According to signs of cults introduced in class
A) cults rarely contradict morality; B) cults rarely contradict the requirements of reason
C) both A) and B); D) none of the above

22. According to Tom Regan and Stef, an ideal moral judgments must be
A) conceptually clear
B) consistent with known facts
C) part of the system that is internally consistent, does not involve contradictions
D) supported by valid moral principles
E) all of the above.

23. According to the discussion in class and Tom Regan, to evaluate the claim that "abortion is always morally wrong because it involves killing an innocent person," one must
A) determine what the Bible says about abortion
B) determine what Koran says about abortion
C) determine what Buddhist Sutras say about abortion
D) determine what Upanishads say about abortion
E) determine what counts as a person

24. Suppose that someone claims that "What terrorists do is wrong because they kill people and all killings are wrong," but this person also think that "There is nothing wrong about killing animals." Such a person maintains inconsistent views
A) true B) false

25. According to Stef, all of the following facts seem relevant in the debate about the Capital Punishment
A) how likely it is that a convicted murderer, if not executed, may be released and commit more crimes.
B) how many innocent people are killed when we have CP;
C) do we administer it fairly;
D) how much more expensive is CP comparing to the life in prison.
E) they are all relevant

26. Suppose that Stef says that the Bible permits the slavery while Mark claims that slavery is morally wrong.
A) they disagree about moral matters
B) Stef is making a point about religion while Mark is making a point about morality
C) Stef's claim is false